Rules, formulas and sources
Checked against primary sources
Every value our calculators and guides use, with its primary source and the date we checked it (November 1, 2026). Rates come from the Bank of Canada's Valet API with each series' own date. Our own estimates (legal fees, title insurance, inspection) are labelled as estimates.
Which rule values do we use?
| Rule | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Buffer added to the contract rate (percentage points) | 2 | OSFI |
| Floor qualifying rate (%) | 5.25 | OSFI |
| Price up to which the 5% minimum applies (effective 2024-12-15) | $500,000 | CMHC |
| Minimum down payment on the first $500,000 | 5% | CMHC |
| Minimum down payment on the portion above $500,000 | 10% | CMHC |
| Down payment at which a mortgage is uninsured (and the minimum at $1.5M+) | 20% | CMHC |
| Insured mortgages: purchase price must be below (effective 2024-12-15) | $1,500,000 | Department of Finance Canada |
| Premium as a share of the loan, by loan-to-value | 6 rows | CMHC |
| Premium surcharge for amortizations over 25 years (effective 2024-12-15) | 0.2% | CMHC |
| Maximum insured amortization (years), standard purchase | 25 | CMHC |
| Maximum insured amortization for first-time buyers and new builds (years) (effective 2024-12-15) | 30 | CMHC |
| Maximum GDS ratio (%) | 39 | CMHC |
| Maximum TDS ratio (%) | 44 | CMHC |
| Share of condo fees counted in GDS/TDS | 50% | CMHC |
| Ontario retail sales tax on the premium (cash at closing, cannot be financed) | 8% | CMHC |
| Ontario land transfer tax, one or two single-family residences (effective 2017-01-01) | 5 rows | Government of Ontario |
| City of Toronto MLTT, one or two single-family residences (effective 2026-04-01) | 10 rows | City of Toronto |
| City of Toronto MLTT for conveyances before April 1, 2026 | 5 rows | Toronto City Council |
| Date the Toronto bands above $3M took effect (effective 2026-04-01) | 2026-04-01 | Toronto City Council |
| Ontario first-time homebuyer refund, maximum (effective 2017-01-01) | $4,000 | Government of Ontario |
| Toronto first-time purchaser rebate, maximum | $4,475 | City of Toronto |
| Ontario non-resident speculation tax, anywhere in Ontario (foreign nationals, foreign corporations, taxable trustees) (effective 2022-10-25) | 25% | Government of Ontario |
| City of Toronto municipal non-resident speculation tax (effective 2025-01-01) | 10% | City of Toronto |
| Ontario electronic land registration fee per instrument: transfer/deed ($72.75 statutory + $12.10 Teranet + $1.57 HST) (effective 2026-11-02) | 86.42 | ServiceOntario |
| Ontario electronic land registration fee per instrument: charge/mortgage (effective 2026-11-02) | 86.42 | ServiceOntario |
| Per-instrument fee before November 2, 2026 (effective 2025-11-03) | 85 | ServiceOntario |
| Real estate lawyer: fees and disbursements (our estimate; get quotes) | $2,000 | Our estimate |
| Title insurance (our estimate) | $350 | Our estimate |
| Home inspection (our estimate) | $550 | Our estimate |
| FHSA annual contribution room | $8,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| FHSA lifetime contribution limit | $40,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Home Buyers' Plan RRSP withdrawal limit (per person) | $60,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Home buyers' amount (non-refundable credit base) | $10,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Value of the home buyers' amount for 2026 (14% × $10,000) | $1,400 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| GST (federal part of Ontario's 13% HST) | 5% | Canada Revenue Agency |
| First-time home buyers' GST rebate maximum (effective 2025-03-20) | $50,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Full GST rebate for new homes up to | $1,000,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| GST rebate phases out to zero at | $1,500,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Ontario new housing rebate (75% of the 8% provincial HST), maximum, no price cap | $24,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Federal GST/HST new housing rebate maximum (none at $450,000 or more) | $6,300 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Ontario first-time buyers' rebate of the provincial HST, maximum (full to $1M, none at $1.5M) (effective 2025-03-20) | $80,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Ontario enhanced new housing rebate (all buyers), maximum incl. the permanent rebate (effective 2026-04-01) | $80,000 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Builder agreements signed in this window qualify for the enhanced rebate (effective 2026-04-01) | April 1, 2026 to March 31, 2027 | Canada Revenue Agency |
| Ontario New Home Affordability Payment (covers the federal 5%), maximum (effective 2026-09-17) | $50,000 | Government of Ontario |
| No advance fee or deposit may be taken on a mortgage of this principal or less (O. Reg. 188/08 s. 37) | $400,000 | Government of Ontario (e-Laws) |
| Disclosures due at least this many business days before you sign (waivable in writing; O. Reg. 188/08 s. 35) | 2 | Government of Ontario (e-Laws) |
| Every Ontario agent and broker licence expires on this date each year (O. Reg. 409/07) (effective 2023-04-01) | March 31 | Government of Ontario (e-Laws) |
| Mortgage agent Level 1 / Level 2 licences in force from (effective 2023-04-01) | April 1, 2023 | Government of Ontario (e-Laws) |
| Months licensed as a Level 2 agent (of the last 36) before a broker licence (effective 2023-04-01) | 24 | Government of Ontario (e-Laws) |
| Federally regulated lenders send the renewal statement at least this many days before renewal (SOR/2021-181 s. 45) | 21 | Justice Laws |
| Maximum HELOC limit as a share of home value | 65% | Financial Consumer Agency of Canada |
| Maximum combined borrowing against a home (refinance, mortgage + HELOC) | 80% | Financial Consumer Agency of Canada |
| Toronto Vacant Home Tax, share of assessed value per year (declare occupancy by April 30) (effective 2024-01-01) | 3% | City of Toronto |
| 2026 total residential property tax rates (municipal + region + education), % of assessed value (effective 2026-01-01) | 6 rows | City of Mississauga |
| City of Toronto 2026 residential rate (city + education + City Building Fund), % of assessed value (effective 2026-01-01) | 76.7311% | City of Toronto |
Which formulas do the calculators use?
- Payments: fixed rates compound semi-annually; monthly periodic rate = (1 + j/2)1/6 − 1.
- Land transfer tax: marginal brackets; refunds = min(tax, cap) × qualifying buyers' share.
- Penalty: fixed = max(3 months' interest, IRD); IRD = (your rate − comparison rate) × balance × months left ÷ 12. Posted method: comparison = posted rate for the remaining term − your original discount.
- Affordability: qualify at max(rate + 2, 5.25%); GDS = (P&I + property tax + heat + 50% of condo fees) ÷ gross monthly income ≤ 39%; TDS adds other debts, ≤ 44%.
- Offer comparison: weighted cost = (1 − p) × cost if kept + p × cost if broken.
Which Bank of Canada series do we show?
Rate series
- Bank of Canada — Bank of Canada target for the overnight rate (policy rate) (series V39079) (effective October 29, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Prime rate (chartered banks, typical) (series V80691311) (effective October 28, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Posted conventional mortgage rate, 1-year (series V80691333) (effective October 28, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Posted conventional mortgage rate, 3-year (series V80691334) (effective October 28, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Posted conventional mortgage rate, 5-year (series V80691335) (effective October 28, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Effective rate on new insured fixed mortgages, 5 years and over (series V122667780) (effective August 1, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Effective rate on new uninsured fixed mortgages, 5 years and over (series V122667786) (effective August 1, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Effective rate on new uninsured variable-rate mortgages (series V122667782) (effective August 1, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Government of Canada benchmark bond yield, 5-year (series BD.CDN.5YR.DQ.YLD) (effective October 29, 2026). Checked .
What changed, and when?
| Effective | Change |
|---|---|
| 2026-11-02 | Ontario land registration fee rises to $86.42 per electronic instrument (from $85.00). |
| 2026-10-28 | Bank of Canada raises the policy rate to 2.50%. |
| 2026-04-01 | Toronto MLTT bands above $3 million take effect (4.40% to 8.60%). Ontario enhanced new housing rebate window opens for builder agreements to March 31, 2027. |
| 2026-03-12 | Federal first-time home buyers' GST rebate enacted (Bill C-4). |
| 2025-01-01 | Toronto 10% municipal non-resident speculation tax in force. |
| 2024-12-15 | Insured price cap $1.5 million; 30-year insured amortization for first-time buyers and new builds. |
| 2024-11-21 | OSFI stops prescribing the stress test for uninsured straight switches. |
| 2023-04-01 | Ontario Level 1 / Level 2 mortgage agent licences. |
| 2022-10-25 | Ontario non-resident speculation tax 25% province-wide. |
Sources
- OSFI — Minimum qualifying rate for uninsured mortgages (Guideline B-20). Checked .
- OSFI — Uninsured straight switches exempt from the prescribed MQR (effective November 21, 2024). Checked .
- Department of Finance Canada — Statement on the insured mortgage stress test (effective December 12, 2023). Checked .
- CMHC — Homeowner mortgage loan insurance: Purchase. Checked .
- CMHC — Home Start: 30-year amortization for first-time buyers and new builds. Checked .
- Department of Finance Canada — Mortgage reforms in force: $1.5M insured price cap, 30-year amortization (effective December 15, 2024). Checked .
- CMHC — Calculating GDS / TDS. Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Retail sales tax on insurance premiums (8%). Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Calculating land transfer tax (effective January 1, 2017). Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Land transfer tax refunds for first-time homebuyers (effective January 1, 2017). Checked .
- City of Toronto — Municipal land transfer tax (MLTT) rates and fees (effective April 1, 2026). Checked .
- Toronto City Council — Decision 2025.EX28.1: new MLTT bands above $3 million (effective April 1, 2026). Checked .
- City of Toronto — MLTT rebate opportunities for first-time purchasers. Checked .
- City of Toronto — Property tax rates and fees (2026) (effective January 1, 2026). Checked .
- Justice Laws — Interest Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-15, s. 6. Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — Contributing to your FHSA. Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — What is the Home Buyers' Plan. Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — Line 31270: Home buyers' amount. Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — GST/HST Memorandum 19-3-10: First-time home buyers' GST/HST rebate (effective March 20, 2025). Checked .
- Department of Finance Canada — Bill C-4 receives Royal Assent (first-time buyers' GST rebate) (effective March 12, 2026). Checked .
- Bank of Canada — Valet API: interest-rate series. Checked .
- FSRA — Public register: mortgage brokerages, administrators, agents and brokers licensed in Ontario. Checked .
- FSRA — Working with a mortgage professional (effective April 1, 2023). Checked .
- FSRA — Do your clients understand how you're paid? (compensation disclosure). Checked .
- FSRA — Your mortgage matters: five questions to ask. Checked .
- FSRA — Working with a mortgage broker or agent? Know what to expect (PDF). Checked .
- FSRA — Submit a complaint. Checked .
- FSRA — Enforcement and monitoring. Checked .
- FSRA — Private mortgages: what borrowers should know. Checked .
- FSRA — Mortgage brokering: consumers. Checked .
- Government of Ontario (e-Laws) — Mortgage Brokerages, Lenders and Administrators Act, 2006. Checked .
- Government of Ontario (e-Laws) — O. Reg. 409/07: Brokers and agents licensing (Level 1 / Level 2) (effective April 1, 2023). Checked .
- Government of Ontario (e-Laws) — O. Reg. 188/08: Mortgage brokerages, standards of practice (effective March 1, 2022). Checked .
- Government of Ontario (e-Laws) — O. Reg. 191/08: Cost of borrowing and disclosure to borrowers (effective March 1, 2022). Checked .
- Financial Consumer Agency of Canada — Getting preapproved for a mortgage (working with brokers) (effective October 15, 2025). Checked .
- Financial Consumer Agency of Canada — Mortgage fees: prepayment penalties (effective October 15, 2025). Checked .
- Financial Consumer Agency of Canada — Code of conduct: mortgage prepayment information (effective September 24, 2025). Checked .
- Financial Consumer Agency of Canada — Renewing your mortgage (effective October 15, 2025). Checked .
- Financial Consumer Agency of Canada — Borrowing home equity. Checked .
- Justice Laws — Financial Consumer Protection Framework Regulations (SOR/2021-181) (effective June 30, 2022). Checked .
- ServiceOntario — Bulletin 2026-04: land registration fees from November 2, 2026 (effective November 2, 2026). Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Non-resident speculation tax (effective October 25, 2022). Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — RC4028: GST/HST new housing rebate (incl. Ontario new housing rebate). Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — First-time home buyers' GST/HST rebate (incl. Ontario first-time buyers' rebate) (effective March 20, 2025). Checked .
- Canada Revenue Agency — GST/HST Notice 346: Ontario enhanced new housing rebate (effective April 1, 2026). Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Ontario New Home Affordability Payment (effective September 17, 2026). Checked .
- City of Mississauga — 2026 tax rates, By-law 0061-2026 (Schedule A) (effective April 29, 2026). Checked .
- City of Brampton — 2026 tax rates, By-law 073-2026 (effective May 6, 2026). Checked .
- City of Vaughan — 2026 tax rates, By-law 103-2026 (effective April 23, 2026). Checked .
- City of Markham — About your tax bill (2026 rates). Checked .
- City of Richmond Hill — 2026 summary schedule of tax rates. Checked .
- Town of Oakville — Tax rates (2026). Checked .
- Government of Ontario — Land transfer tax (Toronto is the only municipality named with its own tax). Checked .
- City of Toronto — Vacant Home Tax (effective January 1, 2024). Checked .
Estimate, not advice. Educational estimate only, not financial, mortgage, tax or legal advice. Lenders, insurers and governments set their own rules and can change them; confirm with a licensed professional before you decide.